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King Senusret II _ History

Fact About King Senusret II | 12th Dynasty Middle Kingdom

  • 05 16, 2023

Fact About  King Senusret II 

Senusret II (1882 BC-1872 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty. He reigned from 1882 BC until 1872 BC. He built his pyramid at Lahun. He built a large irrigation system from the Sea of Joseph to what would later become Lake Qarun, including aqueducts at Lahun, and added a drainage system. Expanding the cultivated area was the aim of his endeavor. 

Senusret II's decision to move the royal tomb from Dahshur to Lahun, the site of his pyramid construction, demonstrates the importance of this project. Lahun served as Egypt's political hub throughout the Twelfth and Thirteenth Dynasties. The pharaoh founded the first labor village in the nearby city of Kahun, on the model of which the New Kingdom built a city monastery for artisans and artists.

Unlike his successor, Senusret II maintained good relations with the local rulers and leaders of the surrounding Bedouin tribes, who became very wealthy. There is testimony to this from the sixth year of his reign on a mural from the tomb of a local ruler at Bani Hassan.

The Pyramid of Lahoon in Fayoum Governorate is one of Egypt's pyramids. It was built by King Senwosret II of the 12th Dynasty, made of mud bricks on a 12-meter-high hill on the outskirts of the city of Lahoon (Fayoum Governorate), which is 22 kilometers from Fayoum city. It was covered with limestone, 48 meters high and 106 meters long, and its entrance was located on the south side, unlike the rest of the Egyptian pyramids. The golden scepter that was placed on top of the royal crown was found inside.

Next to the pyramid, the tomb of Princess Sat Hathorat Ayunt and the tomb of the pyramid engineer Enbi in the south and 8 mastabas that were the tombs of members of the royal family were discovered, and in the area of the pyramid there is the Lahoon Tomb and the city of Lahoon workers.

The Pyramid of Lahoon dates back to the 12th Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom, and was built by Senwosret II from adobe bricks on a stone base, and its current height is 41 meters and the base is 106 meters.” The Pyramid of Lahoon was discovered in the late 19th century to be one of the most prominent archaeological and tourist landmarks in Egypt.

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King Senusret II, who was the son of King Amenemhat II and shared the throne with him for 7 years, ruled for a total of 19 years as the Fourth of the Twelfth Dynasty. During his reign, he oversaw the construction of his pyramid complex and the city of workers in the Lahun area at the entrance to the Fayum, which are considered to be his most significant internal works.

King Senusret II, also known as Senwosret II or Senwosret II, played a significant role in ancient Egyptian society during his reign. He ruled during the Middle Kingdom period (circa 1897–1878 BCE), and his reign is marked by several important contributions and developments:

Economic Prosperity: Senusret II's reign witnessed economic prosperity, which was characterized by agricultural growth and increased trade. The construction of irrigation systems and the successful management of resources contributed to the kingdom's wealth.

Infrastructure and Irrigation: Senusret II is known for his efforts to improve the infrastructure of Egypt, particularly through irrigation projects. He initiated the construction of a canal that connected the Nile River to the Faiyum Oasis, known as Bahr Yussef. This canal facilitated irrigation and improved agricultural productivity, leading to surplus food production.

Faiyum Oasis Development: Senusret II's most notable achievement was his extensive work on the Faiyum Oasis. He developed the region by expanding its agricultural land through controlled flooding from the Nile and the construction of new irrigation canals. This transformed the Faiyum into a fertile and prosperous area that could support a growing population.

Pyramid Complex: Senusret II initiated the construction of a pyramid complex at El-Lahun, which was part of his mortuary complex. The pyramid at El-Lahun is considered one of the significant architectural achievements of his reign.

Religious Contributions: Like many pharaohs, Senusret II played a role in religious affairs. He continued to honor and support the traditional gods and temples of Egypt. Additionally, he was associated with the sun god Ra, and his reign saw the continued development of solar theology.

Military Activities: While Senusret II's reign is not particularly known for major military campaigns, he likely maintained the military presence and authority necessary to protect Egypt's borders and maintain internal order.

Cultural and artistic achievements: The Middle Kingdom was known for its cultural and artistic achievements, and Senusret II's reign contributed to this cultural flourishing. Art and literature continued to flourish during this period, reflecting the stability and prosperity of the kingdom.

Strengthening the Centralized State: Senusret II's focus on agricultural and infrastructural development helped strengthen the centralized state. His efforts contributed to the stability and longevity of the Middle Kingdom.

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