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Informations about Alexander the Great

05 16, 2023

Facts about Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great, the most famous military leader and conqueror in history, was born on July 20, 356 B.C. This military leader was a remarkable person during his life, and his achievements earned him the nickname Alexander the Great and also Alexander the Two-Horned.

The conflict between the Persians and the Greeks (the Greeks) reached a decisive stage when Alexander assumed the throne of Macedonia at the age of twenty years, and the Persian state had expanded its kingdom, which included Western Asia, and extended from India to the Mediterranean Sea, and it had a huge naval force on the shores of that sea and had sovereignty over it, and Syria and Palestine were among its possessions.

Alexander resolved to conquer this mighty enemy, and for this he prepared an army with which he crossed the Dardanelles, which was called Hellespont, and clashed with the Persian army at the river “Geranik” which flows into the Sea of Marmara, and won a great victory in 334 BC, and marched after this incident along the western shore of Asia Minor, then in the heart of Anatolia, until he met the Persians in 333 BC at Issus, located on the bay now known as the Gulf of Alexandria, and won a crushing victory over them, and Dara III fled defeated to Babylon.

Alexander did not want to pursue Dara after the Issus incident, preferring to march first on the countries on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea in order to subjugate them and extend his authority over them, so that the Persian fleet would not use them as bases to hinder his advance.

Alexander marched on the Mediterranean peninsulas in Phoenicia, Syria, and Palestine and conquered them and submitted to him, as well as Damascus and Jerusalem, and then occupied the peninsulas without resistance, except for Tyre, which resisted strongly, so he besieged it and conquered it by force, as well as Gaza, which he besieged and subjugated.

He then reached the outskirts of Egypt at the head of his army of about 40,000 fighters, assisted by his fleet, which was traveling close to the coast, and reached Peluz (Farma), which was then the first border of Egypt.

He entered Egypt in the fall of 332 B.C. He entered Egypt in the fall of 332 B.C. and arrived without a fight in Minaf, the capital of Egypt at the time, and the Persian governor who ruled Egypt had no choice but to surrender, as he saw that resisting Alexander was futile.

The Egyptians rejoiced at the defeat of the Persians and initially saw Alexander as their savior from the Persian occupation, but they could not forget that the Persians had wrested the throne of Egypt from the last king of the Pharaohs and established a hateful foreign rule that violated the dignity of their country, which motivated them to revolt against him three times.

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Egypt Tours FAQ

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Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III of Macedon, was a famous ancient Greek military leader and conqueror who lived from 356 BC to 323 BC. While he was not Egyptian, his conquest of Egypt in 332 BC had significant contributions and impacts on ancient Egypt. Here are some details about Alexander the Great and his contributions to ancient Egypt:

Conquest of Egypt: In 332 BC, Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army invaded Egypt, which was then under Persian rule. He defeated the Persian governor Mazaces in a swift battle at Pelusium, opening the way for his forces to enter Egypt unopposed.

Foundation of Alexandria: One of Alexander's most significant contributions to Egypt was the establishment of the city of Alexandria. He chose the location strategically on the Mediterranean coast, near the western edge of the Nile Delta. Alexandria would later become one of the most important cities in the ancient world, known for its libraries, scholars, and cultural richness.

Cultural Exchange: Alexander's conquests were accompanied by cultural exchange between the Greeks and the Egyptians. This interaction, known as Hellenization, influenced Egyptian art, architecture, and even the Egyptian pantheon, as Greek deities were often syncretized with Egyptian gods.

Support for Egyptian Religion: Alexander respected Egyptian religion and made offerings to Egyptian gods during his stay. He also visited the Oracle of Amun at the Siwa Oasis, where he was declared the son of the god Amun.

Dynastic Rule: Following Alexander's death in 323 BC, his general, Ptolemy I Soter, took control of Egypt and established the Ptolemaic dynasty. This Greek dynasty ruled Egypt for nearly three centuries, continuing the Hellenization of the country and its cultural fusion.

Library of Alexandria: Under the Ptolemies, particularly during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the famous Library of Alexandria was established. It became a center of scholarship, attracting scholars from various parts of the ancient world.

Cultural and Scientific Achievements: The Ptolemaic period witnessed advancements in various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Prominent scholars like Euclid, Eratosthenes, and Hipparchus worked in Alexandria during this time.

Trade and Prosperity: Egypt under the Ptolemies remained a prosperous and economically significant region due to its fertile Nile Delta and strategic location for trade.

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Informations about Alexander the Great

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