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  • Aqsunqur Mosque Cairo

    Mosque of Amir Aqsunqur

    The mosque in Cairo, Egypt, was constructed between 1346 and 1347 by Prince Aq Sangar, a builder of Sultaniyah buildings. He is credited with the Aq Sangar Bridge on the Great Bay and built a magnificent house and two bathrooms on the Nasiriyah pond. Sangar was among the Ushaqiyah during King Al-Nasser Muhammad bin Qalawun's early days.

  • Al-Hakim be Aamr Ellah Mosque

    Mosque of al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah

    A millennium ago, Fatimid Cairo's oldest and largest mosque was built. In 989, Fatimid caliph Al-Aziz Billah realized the mosque could not accommodate more worshippers and scholars. He planned a new mosque, which was completed by the 6th Fatimid caliph, Al-Hakim Amr Allah. The mosque was inaugurated in 1012 AD and named after the ruler. In 1013 AD, the ruler issued a decision to turn the mosque into a “mosque” where jurisprudence is taught, to help the Al-Azhar Mosque to accommodate students and worshippers.

  • Visit Queen Nefertari’s Tomb

    Tomb of Queen Nefertari

    Nefertari's tomb is one of the creations of historical monuments built by the kings of the ancient Egyptian dynasties and became international archaeological attractions that are visited by tourists coming from different countries of the world to enjoy these interesting stories from inside the temples. Luxor's historical tombs, including "Nefertari's Tomb" No. 66 in the Valley of the Queens, are awe-inspiring. Discovered in 1904 by an Italian expedition, the tomb, which spans over 520 meters, features intricate inscriptions and colors, showcasing the love and devotion of King Ramses II.

  • tomb of Tutankhamun | Tutankhamun tomb discovery | king tut tomb pictures

    The discovery of King Tut's tomb

    The 18th Dynasty tomb of Tutankhamun, discovered by Howard Carter in 1922, is the only complete and undisturbed royal burial in the Valley of the Kings worldwide. On November 4, 1922, the sarcophagus of the Golden King was opened, and on February 16, 1923, British archaeologist Howard Carter entered his coffin room, which had never been accessed in over 3000 years of history. The tomb of Tutankhamun contained over 5000 artifacts.

  • the Virgin Mary’s tree.

    The Tree of Virgin Mary in Matareya

    The Virgin Mary's tree is one of the paths of the Holy Family, as it is located in the place where the Holy Family rested and became weak and frail. It is located in the far north of Cairo, near the obelisk of Senusret, and it can be reached from a street branching from Matrawy Street, which is the street of the Tree of Mary residences, where the tree is surrounded by a large wall and a beautiful garden in the middle of it.

  • Life History of Ahmed Ibn Tulun

    Life History of Ahmed Ibn Tulun

    Abu al-Abbas Ahmad bin Tulun, the prince of Egypt and founder of the Tulunid state in Egypt and the Levant, was born on September 20, 835, and is commemorated today as the birthday of the Abbasid state over Egypt. Ahmad ibn Tulun was born on September 20, 835 AD, from a slave girl named Qasim or Hashim, and his origins go back to the Turkish tribe of Taghzgar, although he was born in the city of Baghdad in Iraq, the capital of the caliphate at that time, and he is from a family that lived in Bukhara, and his father was known as Tulun.

Science in Ancient Egypt

Facts About Science in Ancient Egypt

  • 05 16, 2023

Facts About Science in Ancient Egypt

The ancient Egyptians and Babylonians achieved a significant amount of knowledge in the fields of astronomy, engineering, mathematics and medicine, some of which is still used today. The Egyptians excelled in engineering, surgery and created the solar calendar, which is considered a great scientific achievement and the best civilisational legacy that ancient Egypt gave to the civilised world.

The ancient Egyptian civilisation was the most influential of all the civilisations established by the peoples of the eastern Mediterranean. Ancient Egyptian scientists, mostly priests, laid the foundations of science for the Egyptians, who reached advanced levels of engineering and mathematics, as evidenced by the construction of the pyramids, the design and construction of which required extensive knowledge in these two sciences.

The twenty-two pyramids, which are the oldest monuments built in stone, the numerous structures, obelisks, grandiose gates, tall columns that look like bundles of papyrus reeds, tombs carved into the rock, exquisitely crafted sculptures, and colourful paintings are a lasting cultural legacy that ancient Egypt left to the world. This legacy confirms that the ancient Egyptians reached an advanced level of engineering and mathematics. The ancient Egyptians began to accurately record and calculate the rise and fall of the Nile, and the measurement of lands whose boundaries had been erased by the flood was the origin of the art of geometry.

In contrast, ancient peoples, especially the Sumerians and ancient Egyptians, counted on the fingers of the hand, and the number of fingers became the mathematical basis for the decimal system, as well as the basis for arithmetic notation among the Egyptians. The number sixty, which is the compound of ten, and the number twelve, which is one of the numbers into which the number sixty is divided, became the foundations of two mathematical systems: The Sixty System and the Twelve System, both of which were widely used in Babylon. The sixty system is still used to divide the hour into sixty minutes and the minute into sixty seconds...

The ancient Egyptians knew addition, subtraction, and division, but they used them in ways that are somewhat different from our current methods. They also recognised numbers up to ten, and then multiplied them up to one million. They would draw the ‘million’ sign in the form of a human raising his hands to signify astonishment at the number. They also knew fractions, multiplying and dividing fractions, determining the area of a square, rectangle and triangle, and had units for measuring, weighing and weighing.

Medicine in the ancient societies of the Near East was based on primitive folk beliefs and developed over time. For the Babylonians, divination was based on the study of animal viscera (especially the liver), which provided them with some rudimentary information about the structure of the human body. This rudimentary information paved the way for the emergence of surgery in medicine. The Code of Hammurabi punished by death any quack surgeon claiming to be a legitimate doctor, and a surgeon's fingers were cut off if he opened an abscess in a patient's eye and caused blindness.

The Egyptians took an interest in surgery and surpassed their Babylonian counterparts. The practice of mummifying the dead by cutting open the human body and removing the entrails helped them to know the internal organs of the body, such as the heart, stomach, intestines, lungs, liver and others. They mummified their dead with materials that are still the subject of research and admiration today. The practice of mummification also taught them the power of salt and glue to preserve the body of the deceased.

Priests were the custodians of knowledge in Mesopotamia and Egypt, and they taught the principles of science and literature to the children of wealthy families in temple schools. In Egypt, priests had status and power, and did not pay taxes on the people, nor did they perform forced labour and military service.

The head of the great royal stable held the position known today as the Minister of Education, and the job of the teacher in those days was to produce scribes to carry out the work of the state and to maintain law and order. The scribes' duties included taking a census, recording the state's resources and expenses, supervising the gauges of the Nile to know what the harvest would be, and overseeing the affairs of industry and commerce.

The paper used for writing was one of the most important commodities in Egyptian trade, and the manuscripts written on this paper five thousand years ago are still coherent and easy to read. The Egyptians made black ink that does not fade, and the pen was a simple piece of wood or reed whose tip was treated to resemble a painter's pen.

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Ancient Egypt made significant contributions to science, including advancements in mathematics, medicine, and engineering. They developed geometry for land surveying and construction, created a rudimentary understanding of medicine and surgery, and were skilled in architectural and engineering feats like building the pyramids.

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