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  • Things to Do in Alexandria

    History of Alexandria Governorate

    Alexandria Governorate is the bride of the Mediterranean and the second capital of Egypt. It was the ancient capital founded by Alexander the Great in 332 BC and was named after him, and the city of Alexandria was the capital of the Egyptian country throughout the Ptolemies, Romans and Byzantines until the Arab conquest in 640 AD.

  • Mohamed Ali Manial Palace

    Muhamed Ali Palace in Shubra

    Muhammad Ali Pasha wanted to establish and document his era with a ruling house that would be a turning point between a bygone era and a new era that he planned to be long. So he chose a site on the banks of the Nile in the Shubra area, with an area of 70 acres, extending from the banks of the Nile to Birkat al-Hajj, after he had seized several villages and fiefdoms to build his palace.

  • Abdeen Palace Museum

    Abdeen Palace Museum - Cairo

    Abdeen Palace is considered one of the rare historical masterpieces in terms of form and content, as it reflects the luxury and high taste in which the palace was built. It is one of the most important palaces built by the Muhammad Ali Pasha family for Egypt.

  • Tomb of Al-Shatby

    The Cemetery of Shatby

    Al-Shatby Cemetery is the oldest existing cemetery in Alexandria dating back to the hellenistic age, and it also remains the oldest archaeological site within the city up to date. Alexandria is now regarded as a modern city because earthquakes in the past buried the ancient city's features and caused another city to be built on top of it until it reached its current size.

  • Emperor Diocletianus _ Roman

    Roman Emperor Diocletian | Biography

    Emperor Diocletian, or Diocletianus, is one of the most famous Roman emperors in the history of the Roman Empire, and he ruled the Roman Empire from November 20, 284 AD until May 1, 305 AD. This emperor was known by many names, including “Diocles” - the name “Diocletianus” was chosen after he ascended the throne and took for himself a crown (a wide band studded with pearls), robes of silk and gold, and shoes studded with precious stones.

  • palatine Gate _ Italy

    Biography of Roman Emperor Trajan

    The greatest of the Roman emperors was Emperor Trajan, the second of the Five Good Emperors, who ruled from 96 to 117 AD. One of the Roman Emperors, Marcus Pius Nerva Traianus (53–117 AD), ruled over the enormous Roman Empire between 98 and 117 AD. At the height of the Roman Empire, he is credited for its expansion.

The First Intermediate Period _ Egypt History

Facts about The First Intermediate Period of Egypt History

  • 05 16, 2023

Egypt in the First Intermediate Period

The first transitional period of ancient Egypt began when the centralized monarchy of the Old Kingdom weakened, as provincial governors called nomarchs became powerful, and ended when the King of Thebes controlled all of Egypt. Dating from 2160-2055 BCE, the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt is described as ending with the longest-ruling pharaoh in Egyptian history, Pepi II.

After construction projects in the tombs around the capital Memphis were halted, construction resumed at the end of the First Interregnum, with Menhotep II at Deir el-Bahri in Thebes. The Egyptian intermediate periods are times when the centralized government weakened and rivals seized the throne. The first transition period is often characterized as chaotic and miserable, with deteriorating art - a dark age.

During the first transition period, the cartonnage was developed. Cartonnage is a word for the plaster and colored linen that covers the face of a mummy. Earlier, only the elite were buried with specialized funerary goods, more people were buried with these specialized products. This suggests that provincial areas were able to afford non-working artisans, something that only the Pharaonic capital had done before.

By the second half of the year, there were two names competing with their kings, and the king of Thebes, King Mentuhotep II, defeated his unknown rival at Heracleopolitan.

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During the First Intermediate Period of Egypt, Mentuhotep II, the Pharaoh of the 11th Dynasty, is often regarded as the most significant figure. He played a pivotal role in reunifying Upper and Lower Egypt after a period of political fragmentation and strife. His reign marked the beginning of the Middle Kingdom period, characterized by stability and centralization of power.

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