The Ptolemaic Kingdom
His rule was punctuated by a period when Antiochus IV of Syria occupied the Egyptian homeland in 170 BC, and Ptolemy VI fell captive in the hands of the Syrian king, and to preserve the independence of Egypt, a popular uprising in Alexandria declared the younger brother of the captive king as king of Egypt.
Ptolemy VI Philometor was a king of the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt, reigning from 180 to 145 BC. He came to the throne at a very young age and faced many challenges, including power struggles with his brother and external threats from the Seleucid Empire. His reign was marked by a period of political intrigue, including the famous War of the Brothers, during which he sought to establish complex alliances. Despite these tensions, Ptolemy VI strove to stabilise Egypt and maintain its influence in the Hellenistic world, leaving a legacy of resilience in a tumultuous context.
When the elder brother was released, the two kings ruled Egypt jointly. In 163 BC, the elder brother took power again. Ptolemy VI died in 145 BC. The Ptolemies are the dynasty that descended from Ptolemy, one of Alexander's close commanders of Egypt from 333 to 30 BC. The Ptolemies built palaces and gardens in Alexandria, and Alexandria became a center of civilization where it became famous in the field of art, science, industry and trade, as it was the first port in the Mediterranean thanks to its fleet and its famous lighthouse, which the Greeks considered one of the seven wonders of the world.
Alexandria had a great Egyptian civilization, represented by the University of Alexandria (ancient), which was established by the Ptolemies. The University of Alexandria is credited with reaching scientific facts about the Earth's rotation around the sun and estimating the circumference of the globe, and the university was famous for studying medicine, especially anatomy and surgery, and the most famous scientists at the University of Alexandria are Euclid, the geometrician, Ptolemy, the geographer, and Maniton, the Egyptian historian.