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  • Al-Hakim be Aamr Ellah Mosque

    Mosque of al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah

    Al-Hakim Amr Allah Mosque, located on Al-Moez Street in Old Cairo, is a prominent Fatimid landmark and the fourth oldest surviving mosque in Egypt. Built in 380 AH during Al-Aziz Billah's reign, it was completed by his son in 403 AH (1012-1013 AD), making it the second largest mosque in Cairo after Ahmed Ibn Tulun Mosque. The mosque's name was attributed to him. The mosque, measuring 12005 meters in length and 113 meters in width, has two minarets at its sea front, surrounded by pyramid-shaped bases. The upper cubes are slightly backwards, and an octagonal minaret protrudes from each of the upper cubes.

  • Visit Queen Nefertari’s Tomb

    Tomb of Queen Nefertari

    There were also the great queens of the New Kingdom (1550-1090 BC) Nefertiti, the wife of Akhenaten (1371-1355 BC), and Nefertari, one of the celebrated eight wives of Ramses II (c. 1279-c. 1213 BC). While Nefertiti is more popular for the exquisite portrait bust of her that is located in Berlin, Nefertari is famous mostly for her large burial site situated in the Valley of the Queens.

  • tomb of Tutankhamun | Tutankhamun tomb discovery | king tut tomb pictures

    Tomb of Tutankhamun

    The Valley of the Kings, located on the Nile River's west bank near Thebes, served as a cemetery for pharaohs during the New Kingdom of Ancient Egyptians from 1539 to 1075 BC. The 20,000 square meter rocky valley houses 27 royal tombs from the 18th, 19th, and 20th Egyptian dynasties, which have been discovered to this day. Pharaoh Tutankhamun, also known as King Tut, was the last Eighteenth Dynasty Pharaoh from 1334 to 1325 B.C. He is famous for his intact tomb and treasures, unmarked grave, and premature death due to broken bones. His minister married his widow after his death.

  • the Virgin Mary’s tree.

    The Tree of Virgin Mary in Matareya

    The Coptic Orthodox Church commemorates the Feast of the Entry of the Holy Family into Egypt, a minor liturgical feast. It commemorates St. Joseph the Carpenter's obedience to an angel's command to take the child and his mother to Egypt, marking the entry of the Holy Family into the land of Egypt. The prayers begin on the eve of the liturgical day. The Maryam Tree Mazar, a significant tourist attraction in Egypt, is home to the Holy Family and has undergone significant development and renovations to maintain its historical significance.

  • Biography of Ahmad ibn Tulun

    Biography of Ahmad ibn Tulun

    Ahmad ibn Tulun's Turkish roots trace back to his father, who was a slave of Noah ibn Asad, the governor of Bukhara. Asad freed him, and Caliph Al-Ma'mun admired him. He was enrolled in the caliphate court and eventually became the head of the caliph's guard. Ahmad bin Tulun, born on September 20, 835 AD, in Baghdad, the capital of the caliphate, was well-cared for by his father, who taught him military arts, jurisprudence, hadith, and hadith, and encouraged him to learn from scholars and read the Qur'an.

  • Al Qusayr, Egypt | Al Quseir history

    Historical Background | Quseir Town

    The city of Al-Qusair is located on the western shore of the Red Sea in Egypt, 140 km south of Hurghada, and one of the most important villages of the city is Hamrawin village, with an area of 7,636 km², while its population is 50,023 people. Al-Qusayr, named after a fort that protected the nation during ancient Pharaonic, Roman, and other empires, was a hub for gold procurement by Pharaohs. Built by Sultan Selim I during the Ottoman period, the fortress remains intact.

Queen Nefertari

Facts About Queen Nefertari

  • 05 16, 2023

Queen Nefertari

In the thirteenth century BC, Nefertari, cherished spouse to Ramses II, lay heroically buried in all of the tombs located at the Valley of the Queens. But was it true that the sovereign’s singular assistance that earned she the great favor, the love of the pharaoh?

The ancient history of Egypt is filled with famous women who shaped the political landscape. Naturally, we remember the real “pharaohs” Hatshepsut (1460 - 1457 B.C.) and Cleopatra VII (51- 30 B.C), who governed the territory of Egypt for several decades. We cannot forget the remarkable Queens of the New Kingdom, 1550- 1090 B.C. Nefertiti, wife of the pharaoh Akhenaton (1371–1355 BC) and Nefertari, the favorite wife of pharaoh Ramses II (1279-1213 BC).

While the first is known for the amazing bust now lying in Berlin, the second is mainly recognized for its luxurious mausoleum located in the Valley of the Kings.

The tomb of Nefertari, as regards the dimensions and, particularly, the embellishment, is considered to be the most lovely by far of all tombs located in Egypt. Such a totality of images of a given thesaurus is absent in the enormous tombs of the Valley of the Kings. The thematic material is not exactly remarkable in creativity demonstrating capital achievements. The most heroic is the so-called heroic in case the hero died and hisba brother sent his soul to the world of the dead, ruled by Osiris. This journey begins from the “gold room”,  where the queen's sarcophagus was located.

Nefertari Merienmut (or Meritamout Nfrt jrj mrjt n Mwt) is a Queen of Egypt of the 19th dynasty. She was the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramses II (1279-1213). Like Queens Tiyi I and Nefertiti, she will not be the Divine Wife of Amun. In the texts that her husband left, he calls her: The Lady of Charm, the Rich in Praise, the Beautiful of Face and the Sweet of Love, She for whom the sun shines. Although her origins and genealogy are uncertain, her birth year is estimated to be 1295. According to some experts, she might be her husband's sister or half-sister because she was born as the daughter of Pharaoh Seti I (1294–1279). Others claim she is descended from Ay II (1327–1323), Tutankhamun's successor (1336/1335–1327), and that she is associated with the 18th dynasty.

Before he took the kingdom at the age of fifteen, Nefertari wed Pharaoh Ramses II when she was just thirteen.

As soon as Ramses II took power, she was crowned Queen and Great Royal Wife and took the name Nefertari Merienmut (or Meritamout), she was then only nineteen years old. She would remain the most important of all the wives of Ramses II. Certain aspects of her personality, according to what can be reconstructed from the official documents in our possession, the iconography and her titulature, show similarities with Queen Tiyi I.

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Our company provides all the services that make your visit to Egypt enjoyable. We help you to discover all the archaeological sites in Egypt at the lowest cost. All our services are suitable, in addition to special services for wheelchair owners. Cairo Top Tours has a group of trips to various governorates of Egypt. if you want to discover this trip, you can visit our website. 

Under the rule of the Ancient Pharaoh Mamluks, the daily lives of ancient Egyptians underwent several changes:

Cultural and Religious Influence: The Mamluks were of Turkic and Circassian origin, and their rule brought cultural and religious influences from these regions to Egypt. This had an impact on art, architecture, and even language.

Economic Prosperity: The Mamluk period saw economic prosperity in Egypt, driven by trade and agriculture. The Mamluks invested in infrastructure, such as canals and irrigation systems, which boosted agricultural production.

Urban Development: Cities like Cairo and Alexandria flourished during the Mamluk era. Cairo, in particular, became a major cultural and economic center. New mosques, markets, and architectural marvels were constructed during this time.

Trade and Commerce: Egypt's strategic location between Europe, Asia, and Africa made it a hub for trade. The Mamluks encouraged trade, and Cairo's markets (souks) became renowned for their diversity of goods.

Social Structure: The Mamluks upheld a strict social hierarchy. They were at the top, followed by various classes of free Egyptians, and at the bottom were slaves. Slavery was widespread during this period.

Art and Architecture: Mamluk art and architecture left a significant mark on Egypt. Elaborate mosques, mausoleums, and madrasas (Islamic schools) were built, showcasing intricate designs and calligraphy.

Military and Defense: The Mamluks maintained a powerful military. They were known for their skill in horsemanship and archery, and they played a key role in defending Egypt from external threats.

Religious Patronage: The Mamluks were strong patrons of Islamic religious institutions. They funded the construction of mosques, schools, and other religious buildings. This had a lasting impact on Egypt's religious landscape.

Literature and Scholarship: The Mamluk era saw the flourishing of Arabic literature and scholarship. Many works of poetry, history, and science were produced during this time.

Political Intrigue: The Mamluk rule was marked by political intrigue and power struggles among different Mamluk factions. This often led to instability and periodic changes in leadership.

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