The Reign of King Ptolemy V
Ptolemy V Epiphanes Eucharistos ‘Who is God risen (appeared), whose goodness is beautiful’ was the son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Queen Arsinoe III. He was born at the end of year 12 or the beginning of year 13 of his father, i.e. around 210. Generally speaking, his birth date falls between 9 October and 30 November 210. After the death of his father in July/August 204 he was proclaimed King on 8 September 204, when he was only 5/6 years old and his mother had to assume the regency. But two powerful high dignitaries, Agathocles (or Agathocles) and Sosibios (or Sosibe), had Arsinoe III assassinated at the end of September 204 and seized power.
This political crisis allowed the Seleucid king Antiochus III Megas (223-187) to attack Egypt in the Near East and the Aegean Sea. Agathocles was killed in Alexandria in October 203 and the regency was entrusted to the strategist Tlepolemos until 202/201. Antiochos III, after a short Egyptian victory at Damascus, continued the offensive. Through his victories in : Gaza, Panions in 200, Sidon in 199 and Samos, he took over Syria, Palestine and Asia Minor and became the leading power in the East.
At the same time, King Philip V (221-179) of Macedonia took possession of the Aegean islands and the cities of Thrace, provoking the intervention of Rome and the Second Macedonian War (200-197). In Egypt, there was a succession of Regents, in 201 it was Aristomenes and Polycrates of Argos who were appointed until the King's majority was declared in October/November 197. They wanted to reunite Egypt and had Ptolemy V Epiphanes crowned in March 196 in Memphis by the High Priest of Ptah.
Ptolemy V had only one documented wife, but it is known that marriage negotiations took place between Egyptian and Macedonian ambassadors before his accession to the throne, although the identity of the Macedonian princess involved is unknown. It was during the reign of Ptolemy V that the Rosetta Stone was engraved (Text dated 27 March 196). Ptolemy V died in September 180 (we also find 20 May 180), perhaps poisoned by his courtiers, at the age of around thirty. As his son was under 18, it was Cleopatra I Syra who regained the Regency. He and his wife were deified during his lifetime and incorporated into the dynastic cult, probably in 194.