2023

Sais, in the western Delta, served as the capital of the short-lived Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egyptian pharaohs. renowned monarchs in Egyptian history. The third transitional era is said to include this dynasty. It ruled from 2613 to 2496 BC and is considered the golden age of the ancient state and Egyptian civilisation as a whole, as this dynasty witnessed the largest architectural renaissance in the construction of the pyramids completely, so that its era was called the era of the pyramid builders.

Its kings succeeded in upgrading the economy, trade, mining, and military expansion in the face of the tribes of Libya and Nubia, and the arts, culture, and religious thought flourished in its era as a result of stability and prosperity. The relative peace of the Third Dynasty gave the rulers of the Fourth Dynasty an opportunity to explore more artistic and cultural endeavors.

King Sneferu's building experiments led to the evolution from mastaba-style stepped pyramids to ‘true’ pyramids with smooth sides, such as those on the Giza Plateau. No other period in Egypt's history matches the architectural achievements of the Fourth Dynasty. Every ruler of this dynasty (with the exception of Shepses K) built at least one pyramid to serve as a tomb or sarcophagus.

Kings of the Fourth Dynasty

King Sneferu

Founder of the Old Kingdom's Fourth Dynasty. Estimates of his reign vary between 24 and 48 years. His reign was characterized by the expansion of foreign trade, disciplinary campaigns, and mining expeditions. With his engineer and advisor Imhotep, he arrived at the complete form of the pyramid, where he built three pyramids that remain to this day and can be visited in Dahshur.

King Khufu

Pharaoh Khufu was the second king of the Fourth Dynasty, who succeeded Pharaoh Sneferu on the throne, and is likely to be his father. It is well established that his mother was Queen Hetep Haras, whose tomb is in the tombs of Giza. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Great Pyramid, is said to have been constructed by him as his tomb on the Giza plateau. Many additional facets of his rule are not known to history.

He sent expeditions to Wadi al-Maghara in the Sinai to retrieve turquoise. His name and an image of him landing on a person's head with a pin were found. His only statue found in Abydos is of ivory, with his name inscribed on the throne. And there are many other