Things to Do in Alexandria

City of Alexandria | Alexandria History

Alexandria history

On the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, on ruins of the ancient Egyptian city of Ra Kadet or Raqoda, was founded a city named after Alexander the Great himself on April 7, 331 BC.  In 323 B.C. Alexander died in Babylon, after which his generals vied with each other to gain control of the various regions of his vast empire.

The history of Egypt will tell us that the last great pharaoh was Ptolemy I Sotir (305-285 B.C. ), who ruled over a state, which he named after himself, the Ptolemaic State (332–30 B.C.). Alexandria, established in this era, served as the most prominent and the largest city in the eastern Mediterranean till the rise of Constantinople in Fifth Century AD.

Where is Alexandria located in Egypt

The Alexandria Governorate, located in the northern region of the Arab Republic of Egypt, presents itself in the shape of a right-angled triangle, with its base being the Mediterranean Sea and to the west of the West Nile right bifurcation known as the Rashid branch. To the North of it lies the Mediterranean Sea and to the south is Lake Mariout.

It was founded on a former island known as Pharos, where Alexander the Great ordered a passage to the coast to connect the island. On the tip of the island, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was built, and for more than seven centuries, it was one of the seven wonders of the Nea. From more than fifty kilometers away, a unique marble building from Rome could be seen, and on the other side, the legendary Library of Alexandria was built until it was destroyed by fire. Today, this area is only known as the location of the Lighthouse of Alexandria Al Qaitbay Castle and the new Library of Alexandria.

Library of alexandria

Diocletian's Colossus, Column, which is often mistakenly referred to as Pompey's Pillar (early 290 AD), is one of the major monuments existing in Alexandria today and is situated close to the ruins of the Serapeum, the main temple of Sarapis that was the national deity worshiped in Ancient Egypt during this period and got demolished during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Theodosius who outlawed paganism in 391 AD. Sadly, several Ka pillars and monumental structures in the city of Alexandria including the Great Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Library of Alexandria, and even the tomb of Alexander the Great, are no longer in existence.

According to the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities website, one of Alexandria's most enduring monuments is the catacombs: One of the most important and iconic is the Roman-era Kom el-Shokafa Catacomb near the Serapeum, which contains Greek-style catacombs, triple burials, a shrine and a banquet area that was used during funerals, the scenes and inscriptions combine ancient Egyptian and Greek beliefs and artistic traditions.

One of the most beautiful non-funerary archaeological sites is the Kom el-Dikka area, which dates back to the late Roman and Byzantine periods and includes a Roman theatre, a bathhouse, a lecture hall, elite houses with mosaic decorations, and workshops.

The ancient city suffered greatly throughout its history, as it was destroyed by Queen Zenobia of Palmyra in 259 AD, and suffered several major earthquakes in late antiquity and the Middle Ages. However, the glory of Alexandria and many of its monuments remained in the memory and writings of Greek and Roman travellers. Recently, excavations of sunken monuments began to find monuments and statues in the Ptolemaic harbour and the coastal royal residence.

History of Alexandria in the Islamic period

Alexandria suffered from extreme poverty at the advent of Christianity and then was invaded by the Persians in 619 A.D. In 628 A.D., the Byzantine Empire put Christianity under the rule of Hercules until Caliph Umar came and took it in 641 A.D. The wars between Christians, Muslims and Byzantines continued until it officially fell under Islamic rule, and by 1323 A.D., Alexandria of Ptolemais had been destroyed by natural earthquakes.

History of Alexandria in the Renaissance

In 1805 AD, the Ottoman viceroy Muhammad Ali came and started building a 72-kilometre-long street at the entrance to Alexandria, in addition to establishing the Muhammadiyah Canal, introducing cotton to the region, and incentivising foreign merchants by giving them legal rights, such as trying them in their own courts, as these factors played a big role in making Alexandria a source of attraction for commerce. We also do not neglect to mention the opening of the railway in Cairo and the opening of the Suez Canal, as these factors played a major role in making Alexandria a source of attracting trade. In 1882 AD, Egypt fell under the British Mandate until 1992 AD, but this did not prevent it from continuing to prosper and develop.

Latest Articles

Admin

Aswan Governerate in Egypt

Aswan was known as ‘Sonu’ in ancient Egyptian times, meaning market, as it was a trading centre for caravans coming to and from Nubia. In the Ptolemaic era, it was called ‘Sin’ and the Nubians called it ‘Yaba Swan’. It was also known as the Land of Gold because it served as a great treasure or tomb for the kings of Nubia who lived there for thousands of years. Before the migration, Aswan's borders extended from Asna in the east to the border of Sudan in the south, and its inhabitants were Nubians, but after the Islamic conquest of Nubia, some Arab tribes settled there.

Admin

About Luxor Governorate in Egypt

The South Upper Egyptian area is home to the Egyptian governorate of Luxor. Its capital is Luxor, which was formerly Thebes, the capital of Egypt throughout multiple pharaonic eras. Its centers and cities are spread over both sides of the Nile River. The said governorate was established by Presidential Decree No. 378 of 2009, which was promulgated on the 9th of December of that year.

Admin

History of kafr El Sheikh Governorate

Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, located in the far north of Egypt in the Nile Delta, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, is characterised by the diversity of natural life and environments, and is one of the Egyptian cities that can be visited after the end of the first semester exams at universities and schools, as it features many diverse tourist and recreational places at symbolic prices within everyone's reach.

Admin

Egypt's New Administrative Capital

The New Administrative Capital is considered the project of the era because it reflects a perfect image of the future and progress on the economic, cultural, social and civilisational level, as the capital is considered the new capital of Egypt at the present time. The importance of the New Capital is that it is a comprehensive transformation of the future of buildings, services and national and mega projects in Egypt.

Admin

Al Gharbia Governorate

The Governorate of Gharbia is inclusive in the geographical area of The Arab Republic of Egypt which is in the African continent, more specifically in the region surrounding the Nile delta, between Damietta and Rashid governance. To the control of the region from the north is Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, from the south Menoufia Governorate, from the east – Dakahlia, Qalyubia Governorates, and to the west is the Beheira Governorate.

Admin

Hamata Islands (Qulaan Archipelago) in Marsa Alam

Each reserve has several sectors. In Wadi El Gemal Reserve, there is one of the natural areas called the Hamata area or Hamata sector in Wadi El Gemal Reserve. Its sectors are the perfect and most ecological, land and water, and host countless animals and plants found in the oceans and on the land.

blog.related_tours

Tour to Giza Pyramids and Egyptian Museum in Cairo

Don't miss the chance to be among the first visitors to explore the newly discovered hidden passageway within the Great Pyramid of Giza. Witness the marvels of the world, including the Sphinx and the three iconic pyramids. Additionally, on our Cairo day trip, you can marvel at the remarkable pharaonic artefacts at the Egyptian Museum.

Alexandria Day Trip from Cairo every day

Experience Alexandria, a city quite unlike any other. With its delightful climate, exceptional sea vistas, and fascinating history, Alexandria is a must-visit. Tour the magnificent Citadel of Qaitbay and the one-of-a-kind Alexandria Lighthouse on our Alexandria tour. Be sure not to miss this remarkable journey.

Day Trip to Wadi El Natroun Monasteries from Cairo

Discover the historic Coptic monasteries in Wadi El Natroun, representing the deep-rooted Coptic heritage. These monasteries showcase exceptional decorations, magnificent art, and distinctive icons, unlike any others.

Cairo and Alexandria Trip for 5 Days 4 Nights

Embark on a captivating 5-day journey through the wonders of Egypt, where you'll have the opportunity to explore the iconic landmarks and cultural treasures that have made this nation a perennial favourite among travellers.

Glass Boat Tour in Sharm El Sheikh

Discover the vibrant coral reefs under the clear blue waters of the Red Sea in Sharm El Sheikh from a glass-bottom boat. This incredible trip to Sharm El Sheikh awaits you. Marvel at the colourful fish, turtles, rays, and dolphins in the pristine water. Book now and create unforgettable memories.

Tour to Giza Pyramids and Nile Cruise Lunch from Alexandria Port

Indulge in a serene afternoon on a lavish yacht, cruising through picturesque coastal landscapes. Delight in the sounds of traditional music and lively performances that reflect local culture, all while marvelling at the ancient architectural wonders visible along your voyage from Alexandria's port.

Pyramids and The Nile Trip from Alexandria

Set out from Alexandria Port for an extraordinary adventure. Discover the iconic pyramids and delve into their fascinating history. Afterwards, relax on a scenic cruise along the Nile River, enjoying the picturesque landscapes and delightful weather.

Alexandria Day Tour from Alexandria Port

Have an enchanting tour to Alexandria from Alexandria port: enjoy the magical weather of Alex Stanely Bridge and see one of the ancient worlds wonders the lighthouse. You can also visit the Catacombs, Pompey's Column.

2 Days Tour from Port Said to Cairo and Alexandria

This tour not only takes you through some of Egypt's most iconic landmarks but also immerses you in the rich history and vibrant culture of these three magnificent cities. This tour offers an unforgettable experience of Egypt's rich cultural and architectural heritage, with each city revealing its unique charm and historical significance.

Cairo Trips to Egyptian Museum and Saladin Citadel from Sokhna Port

This comprehensive tour from El Sokhna Port to Cairo promises an unforgettable experience, allowing you to delve into the depths of Egypt's ancient history, admire its architectural wonders, and immerse yourself in the vibrant pulse of the city.

Cairo and Alexandria Tour During Easter

These five days will take you through Egypt’s diverse landscapes, from the timeless monuments of Cairo to the captivating coastal atmosphere of Alexandria. In addition to touring ancient landmarks, you’ll get a taste of local life, sample delicious Egyptian cuisine, and relax by the Mediterranean’s refreshing waters.

Cairo to El Alamein Tour starting on daily basis

In addition to its historical importance, El Alamein features beautiful natural scenery, making it an ideal destination for both history enthusiasts and nature lovers. Whether you’re exploring the serene coastline or reflecting at the memorials, El Alamein offers a profound and memorable experience.

The city of Alexandria is located in the northern part of Egypt, along the Mediterranean Sea coast. It is situated in the Nile Delta region, approximately 225 kilometers (140 miles) north of the capital city, Cairo.

Alexandria is known for its rich historical and cultural significance. Some of its notable characteristics and contributions include:

Historical Importance: Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, Alexandria became a major center of Hellenistic civilization and culture. It was the capital of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and a renowned city of learning and scholarship in the ancient world.

The Great Library of Alexandria: Perhaps its most famous historical landmark, the Library of Alexandria, was one of the most significant libraries of the ancient world. It housed countless scrolls, manuscripts, and works of literature, attracting scholars and thinkers from across the Mediterranean.

Lighthouse of Alexandria: The city was also home to the Pharos of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. This massive lighthouse guided ships into the harbor and served as a symbol of the city's grandeur.

Cultural Diversity: Over the centuries, Alexandria has been a melting pot of cultures, including Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and later, Arabic influences. This cultural diversity has left its mark on the city's architecture, cuisine, and traditions.

Modern Port City: Today, Alexandria remains an important port city in Egypt and the Mediterranean region. It plays a crucial role in trade and commerce and is a popular destination for tourists.

Bibliotheca Alexandrina: In 2002, Egypt opened the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, a modern library and cultural center, as a tribute to the ancient Library of Alexandria. It serves as a hub for research, education, and cultural exchange.

Alexandrian Cuisine: The city is known for its distinctive cuisine, which combines elements of Egyptian and Mediterranean culinary traditions. Seafood is a prominent feature in many dishes due to its coastal location.

Cultural Attractions: Alexandria boasts several cultural attractions, including museums, historic sites, and landmarks such as the Qaitbay Citadel, Montaza Palace, and the Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa.

;

Cairo Top Tours Partners

Check out our partners

whatsapp-icon Cairo Top Tours