Day Tour to Dahshur, Saqqara and Meidum from Cairo

Saqqara, also spelled Sakkara, is an ancient necropolis and archaeological site located in the desert of Egypt, approximately 30 kilometers (19 miles) south of modern-day Cairo. It is most famous for its step pyramid, known as the Pyramid of Djoser, which is considered one of the earliest colossal stone buildings in history. Here is an overview of the history of Saqqara:

Early Origins: Saqqara has a history that dates back over 4,000 years. It was an important burial site during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods (c. 3100-2200 BC). The site was chosen for its high ground, which was thought to bring the deceased closer to the heavens.

Pyramid of Djoser: The most famous structure at Saqqara is the Pyramid of Djoser, also known as the Step Pyramid. It was constructed during the 27th century BC for Pharaoh Djoser by his architect Imhotep. This pyramid is considered a revolutionary advancement in pyramid construction, representing a significant step in the evolution from mastaba tombs to true pyramids.

Mastaba Tombs: Saqqara is home to numerous mastaba tombs, which are rectangular, flat-roofed structures that served as tombs for nobility and high officials during the Old Kingdom. They are characterized by intricate and detailed reliefs, inscriptions, and burial chambers.

Development of Pyramid Complexes: The Pyramid of Djoser marked the beginning of the construction of vast pyramid complexes. These complexes included not only the pyramid itself but also surrounding structures, such as temples, courtyards, and galleries. Many of the architectural and artistic elements seen in later pyramids had their origins at Saqqara.

Pyramid Texts: Some of the earliest known religious texts, known as the Pyramid Texts, were found inside pyramids at Saqqara. These inscriptions are spells and prayers intended to guide the pharaoh's spirit through the afterlife and secure their place among the gods.

Later Periods: Saqqara continued to be used for burials and as an important religious and archaeological site throughout various periods of Egyptian history, including the New Kingdom, Late Period, and Greco-Roman periods.

Conservation and Exploration: Saqqara has been the subject of extensive archaeological exploration and restoration efforts. These endeavors have uncovered numerous tombs, artifacts, and valuable insights into ancient Egyptian history.

World Heritage Site: In 1979, Saqqara was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its historical and archaeological significance.

Tourism: Today, Saqqara is a popular tourist destination, allowing visitors to explore the pyramid complexes, admire the well-preserved reliefs and inscriptions, and learn about the architectural and religious developments of ancient Egypt.